Pattern of Cutaneous Manifestation of End Stage Renal Diseases in Lagos Metropolis

Cutaneous Manifestation of End Stage Renal Diseases

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cutaneous manifestations of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are a common occurrence worldwide due
to the rising number of patients with ESRD. A high prevalence of cutaneous manifestations is expected,
since most patients with ESRD have an underlying disease process with cutaneous manifestations. In
addition, uraemia and conditions associated with renal replacement therapy are fraught with numerous
and often relatively unique cutaneous disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the pattern of cutaneous manifestations in End Stage Renal Disease patients in Lagos.
METHODS
One hundred and thirty-eight patients with a diagnosis of End Stage Renal Disease (GFR<15mls/min)
from Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Life Support and St Nicholas Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria as well as
renal transplant patients were examined for cutaneous manifestations. Also one hundred and thirty eight
non-renal, non-hypertensive, non-diabetic patients from the medical wards of L.U.T.H, with Chronic
Kidney disease stage 0, GFR > 90mls/min were used as controls.
RESULTS
Cutaneous manifestations were seen in 134 cases (97%) and 91 controls (65.9%). P < 0.0000001). The
most prevalent disorders were general skin changes which included xerosis, pruritus, pallor, sallow yellow
cast, half and half nails and acquired ichthyosis. A total of 14 cases had medication related disorders, 7
(5.1%) had hypertrichosis, 5 (3.6%) had steroid acne and 2 (1.4%) gingival hyperplasia. There were three
cases of microbial disorders, two with pityriasis versicolor and a case of viral wart.
CONCLUSION
Cutaneous manifestations of ESRD in Lagos metropolis is common, with xerosis being the commonest manifestation