Misdiagnosed Leprosy: A concern for the practicing Dermatologist

Misdiagnosed Leprosy

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Leprosy is an ancient disease that dates back to biblical times and has always been associated with
stigma. Untreated, it results in profound damage to many parts of the body including the skin,
nerves, bones, eyes and respiratory tract. Correct prompt diagnosis followed by correct
chemotherapy is indispensible to avoid complications. Cases of misdiagnosis are found in literature
as well as leprosy masquerading like other cutaneous diseases.
Two cases of Leprosy misdiagnosed and treated as chronic dermatitis and Tinea Corporis
respectively before referral are presented. Clinical features and histology confirmed Hansen's
disease at our clinic. Clinical expertise, high index of suspicion and histological confirmation may be
required to make accurate diagnosis. There is need for prompt and early referral of patients to
access expert care when needed. Training of health personnel in diagnosing leprosy in endemic
areas should be put in place. Dermatological services with consultant dermatologist in attendance
continue to play a major role in the early and prompt diagnosis of leprosy.
Keywords: Leprosy, misdiagnosis, prompt referral